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Systematic review: Coastal and terrestrial water sector interventions in developing countries
Based on a rigorous protocol and companion evidence gap map, our systematic review conducts meta-analyses of water sector interventions in four areas: built infrastructure, nature-based options, institutional...
Document > Learning paper
Approach paper: Realist review of just transition
Just transition is now a key element of climate change debates. To date, most learning on just transitions has come from developed countries. This realist review is the first to provide a rigorous and precise realist...
Document > Other publication
Approach paper: Evidence review on market-based approaches to mitigation and adaptation
Of the multilateral climate funds, the GCF has the strongest private sector focus and houses a private sector facility that enables it to finance directly and indirectly at the national, regional and international...
Document > Other publication
Evidence review: Water
Global water resources are severely affected by the changing climate threatening water security goals. However, our understanding of the impact of key interventions, particularly in coastal zones and certain types of...
Evidence review
Supporting farmers dealing with climate change: The impact of Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) on smallholder lead farmers in Malawi
This document explores the impact of Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) on lead farmers in Malawi, addressing how this innovative approach equips smallholders to adapt to the challenges of...
Document > Other publication
Country case study: Grenada (HWFW2024)
This case study was undertaken as part of the independent evaluation of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Result Area (RA) “Health and Wellbeing, and Food and Water Security” (HWFW). The evaluation was launched in April...
Document > Evaluation document
Country case study: Fiji (HWFW2024)
This case study was undertaken as part of the independent evaluation of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Result Area (RA) “Health and Wellbeing, and Food and Water Security” (HWFW). The evaluation was launched in April...
Document > Evaluation document
Country case study: Senegal (HWFW2024)
This case study was undertaken as part of the independent evaluation of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Result Area (RA) “Health and Wellbeing, and Food and Water Security” (HWFW). The evaluation was launched in April...
Document > Evaluation document
Country case study: Republic of Marshall Islands (HWFW2024)
This case study was undertaken as part of the independent evaluation of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Result Area (RA) “Health and Wellbeing, and Food and Water Security” (HWFW). The evaluation was launched in April...
Document > Evaluation document
Country case study: Namibia
This case study was undertaken as part of the independent evaluation of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Result Area (RA) “Health and Wellbeing, and Food and Water Security” (HWFW). The evaluation was launched in April...
Document > Evaluation document
Country case study: Tajikistan (HWFW2024)
This case study was undertaken as part of the independent evaluation of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Result Area (RA) “Health and Wellbeing, and Food and Water Security” (HWFW). The evaluation was launched in April...
Document > Evaluation document
Impact evaluation baseline report for FP034: Building resilient communities, wetlands ecosystems and associated catchments in Uganda
This baseline report evaluates FP034, a wetland restoration and community resilience project in Uganda, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Assessed under the Learning-Oriented Real-Time...
Document > Publication
Country case studies: LAC2024
This country case study compilation is part of the Independent Evaluation of the Relevance and Effectiveness of the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) Investments in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) States. It includes...
Document
Approach Paper: Evidence review on forest conservation
This approach paper, for an evidence gap map (EGM), details the steps and procedures to search, screen, appraise and present the stock of high-quality evidence on interventions, outcomes and impacts of forest...
Document > Other publication
COA2025: Approach Brief
Country ownership is central to the GCF’s efforts to promote low-emission and climate-resilient development. This evaluation will support learning and accountability on how the GCF promotes country ownership in its...
Document > Evaluation brief
Final report of the Independent Evaluation of the Green Climate Fund's Energy Sector Portfolio and Approach
The evaluation assesses whether and the extent to which GCF approaches and investments in the energy sector are effective in contributing to the objectives of the UNFCCC and other global agendas. It examines the GCF’s...
Document > Evaluation report
Evidence Review on Forest Conservation – An Evidence Gap Map
This report presents an evidence gap map summarizing the available evidence on certification and land tenure interventions to conserve forests in developing countries. It identifies areas with strong evidence and...
Document > Learning paper
Independent Evaluation of the GCF's Approach to Country Ownership (COA2025): Appendices
This document contains the appendices of the 2025 Independent Evaluation of the GCF’s Approach to Country Ownership. The appendices provide in-depth analytical materials that complement the main evaluation report. It...
Document > Evaluation report
Scoping Review: What do we know about the evidence base for the SDG Planet Pillar?
This scoping review, commissioned by the Global SDG Synthesis Coalition, systematically assesses available evidence from systematic reviews and United Nations evaluation reports related to the Planet Pillar of the...
Document > Other publication
What can the Green Climate Fund learn about innovation from institutional economics: Lessons for multilaterals.
... performance of the Fund , the Independent Evaluation Unit (IEU) noted that a significant portion of the Fund’s ... that have been ‘accredited’ to the Fund (see the IEU’s new accreditation evaluation here ). This is ... people and innovative projects. Figure 1 below, from the IEU’s accreditation evaluation , shows the ‘climate ...
Article > Blog 
Often late and costs a pretty penny: do impact evaluations meet the opportunity window?
... answer is ‘it depends’! As we explore in a recent IEU working paper , the answers depend on where impact ... to consider impact evaluations (consider, for example, the IEU’s LORTA programme ). Costs of conducting real-world ... testing beforehand. Most grant windows (including 3ie and IEU’s LORTA) build in a first formative phase to minimize ...
Article > Blog 
What the Green Climate Fund can teach us about multilateral organizations
... colleagues and I at the Independent Evaluation Unit (IEU) of the GCF spend a lot of time thinking about the ... that it has built in an accountability structure like the IEU to provide the board with evidence to support its ... can follow him on Twitter @archirastogi You can follow the IEU @GCF_Eval #IEUblog What the Green Climate Fund ...
Article > Blog 
Of prayer flags and readiness: Notes from an evaluation mission in Bhutan
... it to the GCF as a token of appreciation. Of course, the IEU is not the intended recipient of the gifts, and we are ... eventually. The mission was undertaken as part of the IEU evaluation of the GCF readiness program. The report of the readiness evaluation by the IEU will be available here later in the year. 1 / 11 ...
Article > Blog 
Bridging the Gap between Academia and Policymakers for SDG Implementation Now
... to the IGEE was chosen as the activity for the month’s IEU Interns’ Day programme [2] collectively by me and the other two IEU interns – Zephaniah Danaa and Issahaku Npoagne ... Independent Evaluation Unit, Green Climate Fund. (2022). IEU Internship announcement. Available here . [3] Sachs, ...
Article > Blog 
Measuring resilience: Threading the needle
... Within the large portfolio of impact evaluations under the IEU’s Learning-Oriented Real-Time Impact Assessment ... more we need evidence of the impact of what we do. The IEU will undertake work on climate resilience to establish a ... future spending on potential humanitarian crises. IEU’s future work includes a workshop that will bring all ...
Article > Blog 
Desert with a dirt road
IEU staff member Archi Rastogi shares reflection while on an ... here to ask some of these questions as part of an ongoing IEU evaluation. Not a drop to drink During a 5-day official ... changed for anonymity. The visit to Namibia was part of the IEU Independent Evaluation of the GCF's "Health, Well-being, ...
Article > Blog Namibia 
A sneak peek at GCF’s B.30: Funding proposals, and strategy and policy items for Board discussion
... seeking approval at B.30). This is significant: a recent IEU learning paper analysed, for example, the potential of ... through its current programming period, the findings of an IEU analysis of Board decision-making in GCF-1 are used to ... for transformational change at the Green Climate Fund. IEU learning paper, No. 05, March 2021. Independent ...
Article > Blog 
‘Climate-smart’ farming boosts forests, food security in Madagascar
... a warming planet.” Disclaimer: This blog referring to the IEU LORTA report "Impact Evaluation midline report for FP026 ...
Article > Blog 
Most SDG targets for Planet Health Not on Track, according to a global evidence synthesis
... independent evaluation unit of the Green Climate Fund (GCF IEU) has served as a Co-Chair for the Planet Pillar ...
Article 
Evaluation must promote sustainable development
... prove helpful in this objective. This is being used in the IEU’s focus on the Learning-Oriented Real-Time Impact ...
Article > Blog 
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