Can supporting the adoption of diversified agroforestry systems improve livelihoods and climate resilience while promoting sustainable land use among vulnerable rural populations?

This impact evaluation examines the effects of a programme that provides households with training to build knowledge, provision of inputs to enable adoption, technical assistance to support implementation, and results-based payments to incentivize sustained uptake of diversified agroforestry systems (SAFs). The study assesses whether this support increases uptake and effective implementation of SAFs and improves soil management and land-use diversification. It then examines whether these changes translate into enhanced household income, improved food security, greater resilience to climate-related shocks, and increased vegetation cover.

It also generates evidence on whether these effects are driven by jointly addressing knowledge, resource, and implementation constraints, promoting sustained adoption of climate-smart land-use practices. Using a difference-in-differences approach combined with matching, the study estimates causal effects, including variation across population groups and potential spillover effects.